What are the possible triggers for malignant hyperthermia?

Triggering Agents According to the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS), the following agents approved for use in the U.S. are known triggers of MH: inhaled general anesthetics, halothane, desflurane, enflurane, ether, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and succinylcholine.

Which anesthetic agents trigger malignant hyperthermia?

Anesthetic agents, which may trigger MH in susceptible individuals, are the depolarizing muscle relaxant, succinyl choline and all the volatile anesthetic gasses. Nitrous oxide, intravenous induction agents, benzodiazepines, opioids, and the non-depolarizing relaxants do not trigger MH.

What causes increased temperature in malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia can occur when the anesthesia is given or during or soon after surgery. Muscle cells become overactive, causing sustained muscle contractions that produce heat and raise body temperature extremely high.

How does succinylcholine trigger malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a clinical syndrome that occurs during anesthesia with a potent volatile agent (e.g., halothane) and the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, which produces rapidly increasing temperature and extreme acidosis.

What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of an acute malignant hyperthermia crisis?

The earliest signs are tachycardia, rise in end-expired carbon dioxide concentration despite increased minute ventilation, accompanied by muscle rigidity, especially following succinylcholine administration. Body temperature elevation is a dramatic but often late sign of MH.

What are the early signs of malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) may occur either in the operating room (OR) or in the early postoperative period. The earliest sign is an increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide.

Does Propofol trigger malignant hyperthermia?

Abstract. Propofol may be a useful anesthetic in the management of malignant hyperthermia patients. It appears not to trigger malignant hyperthermia while providing stress-free conditions.

Do local anesthetics trigger malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia is a genetically transmitted complication of general or local anesthesia, with a high mortality rate.

Why does succinylcholine cause hyperkalemia?

Systemic succinylcholine, in contrast to acetylcholine released locally, can depolarize all of the up-regulated AChRs leading to massive efflux of intracellular potassium into the circulation, resulting in hyperkalemia.

What are three signs of malignant hyperthermia?

Early signs of malignant hyperthermia

• Unexplained increase in heart rate (tachycardia).
• Unexplained increase in carbon dioxide produced by your body.
• Rapid breathing (tachypnea).
• Muscle rigidity.
• Rapid elevation in temperature.

What drugs treat MH?

Immediate treatment of malignant hyperthermia includes: Medication. A drug called dantrolene (Dantrium, Revonto, Ryanodex) is used to treat the reaction by stopping the release of calcium into muscles.

Can lidocaine trigger malignant hyperthermia?

It is important to note that malignant hyperthermia can be caused by lidocaine and amide-linked local anesthetics.