What are the steps of replication transcription and translation?

DNA polymerase links nucleotides together to form a new strand, using the pre-existing strand as a template. Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase. Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.

What is the difference between replication transcription and translation?

Differences. DNA replication occurs in preparation for cell division, while transcription happens in preparation for protein translation.

Are proteins translated 5 to 3?

Proteins are synthesized from mRNA templates by a process that has been highly conserved throughout evolution (reviewed in Chapter 3). All mRNAs are read in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and polypeptide chains are synthesized from the amino to the carboxy terminus.

How does DNA turn into protein?

During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.

What are the 4 steps of protein synthesis?

The steps are illustrated in the figure below.

• Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.
• Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.
• Termination is the ending of transcription.

What is transcription and translation in protein synthesis?

Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins.

How many ATP and GTP are used in translation?

The correct answer is option(D) 25 ATP , 50 GTP.

How do you translate RNA to protein?

After mRNA leaves the nucleus, it moves to a ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA. Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence. Translation of the codons in mRNA to a chain of amino acids occurs at a ribosome.

How a protein is formed?

To build proteins, cells use a complex assembly of molecules called a ribosome. The ribosome assembles amino acids into the proper order and links them together via peptide bonds. This process, known as translation, creates a long string of amino acids called a polypeptide chain.

What converts mRNA into a protein?

ribosome
A ribosome is a molecular machine that synthesizes proteins in the cell. It consists of two main parts, a large and small subunit. The ribosome brings together the mRNA to be translated and a set of molecules called transfer RNAs, or tRNAs, which are floating in the cell.