What is transcriptional gene regulation?

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity.

How do transcriptional regulators regulate gene expression?

Specifically, gene expression is controlled on two levels. First, transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a particular gene. The second level of control is through post-transcriptional events that regulate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

What are the steps of regulation of gene expression?

Regulated stages of gene expression Chromatin, chromatin remodeling, chromatin domains. Transcription. Post-transcriptional modification. RNA transport.

Where does transcriptional regulation occur?

Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, and regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm.

Why is translational regulation important?

Translational control governs the efficiency of mRNAs and thus plays an important role in modulating the expression of many genes that respond to endogenous or exogenous signals such as nutrient supply, hormones, or stress.

What is transcription PDF?

TRANSCRIPTION. Transcription means that the genetic informations stored in double-stranded DNA are copied. or printed in the form of a single-stranded RNA molecule like mRNA, tRNA, rRNA [1]. The. first stage of the flow of information from DNA to polypeptide is the transcription of DNA.

What is an example of gene expression?

Some simple examples of where gene expression is important are: Control of insulin expression so it gives a signal for blood glucose regulation. X chromosome inactivation in female mammals to prevent an “overdose” of the genes it contains. Cyclin expression levels control progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle.

What are the types of gene regulation?

Types of Gene Regulation. rate of mRNA synthesis (transcription), mRNA degradation, protein synthesis (translation) etc.

What is the purpose of transcription?

The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteins.

What is an example of translational regulation?

Regulation by phosphorylation of eIF2 is largely associated with the termination of translation initiation. Serine kinases, GCN2, PERK, PKR, and HRI are examples of detection mechanisms for differing cellular stresses that respond by slowing translation through eIF2 phosphorylation.

What is translational gene expression?

Translational regulation of mRNA is an important step in the control of gene expression. In a general way, the efficiency of the translational apparatus can be influenced either positively or negatively by changing the level or the activity of rate-limiting protein factors taking part in the process of translation.

What chapter is transcriptional control of gene expression?

Chapter 9 -Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression Chapter 9 -Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

What is regulation of gene expression?

Regulation of Gene Expression ppt. 1. By: Khaled El MasryAssistant Lecturer of Human Anatomy & Embryology Mansoura Faculty of Medicine. 2. A gene is the sequence of nucleotides in DNAencoding one polypeptide chain or one mRNAmolecule.Gene expression is carried out in 2 steps:1. transcription.2.

What is the role of regulatory proteins in transcription?

Regulatory Proteins can activate or block transcription of inducible genes 77. The Lac operon – showing its genes and its binding sites. The promoter is a specific DNA sequence to which the RNA Polymerase binds. 78.

What are the molecular mechanisms of transcription initiation and elongation?

The molecular mechanisms that regulate transcription initiation and elongation are critical to numerous biological phenomena, in- cluding the development of a multicell ular organism from a single fertilized egg cell as mentioned above, the immune re- sponses that protect us from pathogenic microorganisms, and (a) (b) Haltere Normal (c)