Is an enolate an intermediate?

FORMATION OF BOTH THE ENOL AND ENOLATE UNDER BASIC CONDITIONS. The formation of an enol under base catalysis involves the intermediate formation of an enolate, the conjugate base of the carbonyl compound.

What is enol or enolate ion?

Enolates are the conjugate bases or anions of enols (like alkoxides are the anions of alcohols) and can be prepared using a base.

Which enolate ion is more stable?

Removal of a proton from the more substituted (and more hindered) α-carbon gives the enolate with the more substituted C=C double bond. This enolate is the more thermodynamically stable, and is referred to as the thermodynamic (TD) enolate.

What is an enol intermediate?

Enols, or more formally, alkenols, are a type of reactive structure or intermediate in organic chemistry that is represented as an alkene (olefin) with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the alkene double bond.

Why is enolate more reactive than enol?

Enolate is essentially more reactive than enol, its precursor because of its increased nucleophilicity. It can even react with weak electrophiles like alkyl halides and give alkylation at the alpha positions.

Why are enolates more stable than enols?

Answer: In most keto-enol tautomerisms, the equilibrium lies by far toward the keto form, indicating that the keto form is usually much more stable than the enol form, which can be attributed to the feet that a carbon-oxygen double bond is significantly stronger than a carbon-carbon double bond.

Why are enolates more stable than Enols?

Are enols and enolates more reactive?

The increased reactivity of enolates makes them capable of a wider range of reactions than enols.

Which enol is most stable?

The keto form is therefore more thermodynamically stable by 12 kcal/mol (48 kJ/mol). Although the keto form is most stable for aldehydes and ketones in most situations, there are several factors that will shift the equilibrium toward the enol form.

Why enol form is unstable?

Enols are unstable for a couple reasons. First, the free electrons on the oxygen can act as a base or nucleophile for chemical reactions. More commonly, one must consider that any time you have an enol, it can undergo tautomerization, a conversion to what is called the keto form.

Why are Enolates more stable than Enols?

What is the catalyzed formation of enol?

Base Catalyzed Formation of the Enol. When the enolate is formed, it can abstract a proton at either oxygen or carbon, both being positions of partial negative charge. Protonation at oxygen gives the enol, which protonation of carbon yields back the keto form.

What are the relative amounts of enolate and enol?

Relative Amounts of Enolate and Enol. Both the enolate and enol are minor components \r in equilibrium with the ketone or aldehyde at netural pH. Since the K \r for enol formation is larger, there is much more enol than enolate(see the K values for acid dissociation vs. enol formation).

What is an enolate anion?

The anion formed in this case is an enolate anion which is highly resonance stabilized, as shown above. q Recall that the rules of resonance specify that large resonance stabilizations result when there are 2 or more structures of equal energy.

What is the conjugate base of enol and ketone?

Protonation at oxygen gives the enol, which protonation of carbon yields back the keto form. Thus, the enolate is the conjugate base of both the keto and enol forms. any time the enolate is formed in water or a hydroxylic solvent, it will be in equilibrium with both the enol and the ketone. Relative Amounts of Enolate and Enol.